{"id":539,"date":"2023-11-24T11:46:44","date_gmt":"2023-11-24T16:46:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/parolefranco.ca\/?page_id=539"},"modified":"2024-02-28T18:39:21","modified_gmt":"2024-02-28T23:39:21","slug":"1979-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/parolefranco.ca\/en\/1979-2\/","title":{"rendered":"1979"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-border-color is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-96eab88b wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-color:#a6f5b0;border-width:65px;border-radius:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 translation-block\">To Be No Longer Without a Country:<br>Recognizing the Equality of French and English Speakers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer wp-container-content-cf2db169\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"_3d-flip-book  fb3d-fullscreen-mode full-size\" data-id=\"1181\" data-mode=\"fullscreen\" data-title=\"false\" data-template=\"short-white-book-view\" data-lightbox=\"dark-shadow\" data-urlparam=\"fb3d-page\" data-page-n=\"0\" data-pdf=\"\" data-tax=\"null\" data-thumbnail=\"\" data-cols=\"3\" data-book-template=\"default\" data-trigger=\"\"><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA = window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA || [];FB3D_CLIENT_DATA.push('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');window.FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render();<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-right:0;padding-left:0\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:20px\">The election of the <em>Parti Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois<\/em> in Quebec in November 1976 brought to a head the issue of the province\u2019s future in Confederation. A sovereign Quebec was suddenly within the realm of possibility, since the <em>Parti Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois<\/em>, led by Ren\u00e9 L\u00e9vesque, had promised to hold a referendum on the subject during its first mandate. In light of this situation, many imagined that the federal government would be ready to make constitutional changes to accommodate the province\u2019s quest for political independence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\" style=\"font-size:20px\">For the <em>F\u00e9d\u00e9ration des francophones hors Qu\u00e9bec<\/em> (FFHQ), there was an urgent need to take into consideration the constitutional demands of all francophone minority groups in Canada, not just the French-speaking population of Quebec. Drawing on the thinking of its political committee, in 1979, the FFHQ expressed its aspiration in <em>Pour ne plus \u00eatre... sans pays<\/em> (Face to Face with a Failing Country: A New Association for the Two Founding Peoples), much like it had done in 1977 with <em>Les H\u00e9ritiers de Lord Durham<\/em> (The Heirs of Lord Durham: Manifesto of a Vanishing People). Lawyer Michel Bastarache, future justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, chaired the FFHQ\u2019s five-member political committee, all of whom were men.<br><br>For the signatories of this document, the \u201cfrancophonie outside Quebec\u201d were reiterating a demand made as far back as the school conflicts in Manitoba (1890-1896) and Ontario (1912-1927): recognition of the principle that Canada had two founding peoples. This recognition should force governments to grant more linguistic rights to minorities, particularly for education. For example, minority language communities should be granted governance of their schools.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:20px\">The document went even further by re-imagining the Canadian political system. Canada should break its colonial ties by becoming a federal parliamentary republic. It should also reorganize its federal parliamentary institutions, creating a House of the Federation whose members \u2013 elected rather than appointed \u2013 would represent the two founding peoples on an equal basis. The document briefly mentioned Indigenous peoples, calling on governments to protect their status and cultural values.<br><br>The 1982 amendments to the Constitution did not make Canada a republic, nor did it lead to the election of senators. On the other hand, Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms recognizes the right of French-speaking minority communities, as well as English-speaking Quebecers, to their own system of schools at the primary and secondary levels. In the 1990s, the courts ruled that this right implied the right to school governance by and for linguistic minorities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"703\" data-attachment-id=\"97\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/parolefranco.ca\/en\/lilly-footer\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/parolefranco.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/lilly-footer.png?fit=2048%2C703&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2048,703\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"lilly-footer\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/parolefranco.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/lilly-footer.png?fit=1024%2C352&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/parolefranco.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/lilly-footer.png?resize=2048%2C703&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-97\" style=\"width:233px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background-color has-primary-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-2 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);flex-basis:20%\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph translation-block\"><strong>Titre du document\u00a0:<\/strong> \u00ab\u00a0Introduction \u00bb<br><br><strong>Date : <\/strong>1979<br><br><strong>Source: <\/strong><em>Pour ne plus \u00eatre\u2026 sans pays<\/em>, (Ottawa : La F\u00e9d\u00e9ration des francophones hors Qu\u00e9bec, 1979) : 3-8. Reproduced with  permission of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration des communaut\u00e9s francophones et acadienne du Canada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>To learn more about this topic:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Online<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph translation-block\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/fr\/article\/federation-des-communautes-francophones-et-acadienne-du-canada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dupuis, Serge. \u201cF\u00e9d\u00e9ration des communaut\u00e9s francophones et acadienne du Canada,\u201d <em>The Canadian Encyclopedia<\/em>, August 12, 2019.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Printed sources<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Gaulin, Andr\u00e9. Compte rendu du livre <em>Les H\u00e9ritiers de Lord Durham<\/em>, Ottawa, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration des francophones hors Qu\u00e9bec, 1977, 2 tomes, <em>Qu\u00e9bec fran\u00e7ais<\/em>, no 27, octobre 1977, p. 49.<br><br><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7202\/1004968ar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Martel, Marcel. \u00ab&nbsp;Les politiques gouvernementales f\u00e9d\u00e9rale et qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des minorit\u00e9s francophones du Canada, 1960-1980 \u00bb, <em>Francophonies d\u2019Am\u00e9rique<\/em>, vol. 9 (1999), p. 199-208.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:0px;width:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer wp-container-content-f7b87a2a\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/parolefranco.ca\/en\/1867-1927\/\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#a57d54\">1867-1927<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/parolefranco.ca\/en\/1928-1967\/\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#a57d54\">1928-1967<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/parolefranco.ca\/en\/1968-1982\/\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#a57d54\">1968-1982<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/parolefranco.ca\/en\/1983-2022\/\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#a57d54\">1983-2022<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pour ne plus \u00eatre sans pays&nbsp;:reconna\u00eetre l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre francophones et anglophones L\u2019\u00e9lection du Parti qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois au Qu\u00e9bec en novembre 1976 brusque le dossier de l\u2019avenir de cette province dans la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration. Un Qu\u00e9bec souverain est soudainement du domaine du possible, puisque le Parti qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois, dirig\u00e9 par Ren\u00e9 L\u00e9vesque, a promis la tenue d\u2019un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum sur [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60472210,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-539","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/Pfdu74-8H","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/parolefranco.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/parolefranco.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/parolefranco.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parolefranco.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/60472210"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parolefranco.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=539"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/parolefranco.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/539\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2201,"href":"https:\/\/parolefranco.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/539\/revisions\/2201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/parolefranco.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}