The Migration of the French-Canadian Diaspora from the United States to Alberta

These are the words of a song composed by Mathilda Plamondon, matriarch of the family that in 1908 founded the village of Plamondon in northeastern Alberta. Although light-hearted and even a little humorous, this song is a testimonial that allows us to imagine certain aspects of life in these new communities.
The story of this family – and, by extension, of this village – was linked to the remarkable mobility of French Canadians from the 1850s to the 1920s. During this period, over a million of them left the St. Lawrence Valley to earn a better living, forming a diaspora of continental proportions. Everywhere – from the industrial cities of New England to the settlements of Western Canada, from the farming villages of the American Midwest to the railroads of Northern Ontario – these migrants brought with them their language, culture, and traditions.
Some families even moved several times over several generations. Such was the case for Mathilda’s husband Joseph. In 1867, while a young child, he left Quebec for Michigan with his parents. As an adult, he managed to lead a fairly comfortable life in Michigan: he had a large farm, where he raised a family of nine children, all of whom attended a Catholic school, of which he was one of the trustees.
However, at the turn of the 20th. century, faced with repeated invitations from the Canadian government, the Catholic clergy, and the colonization companies, who were recruiting Franco-Americans to populate the Canadian West, the man affectionately known as “Father Joe” couldn’t resist the call. In 1908, at the age of 47, he and his family moved nearly 3,000 kilometres to create a village where they could “perpetuate the French-Canadian language and culture” (Cadrin and Dubé, p. 96). The Plamondons and their neighbours succeeded, notably by allying themselves with the local Métis community and welcoming new French-speaking migrants from Eastern Europe.
Joseph had won his bet, but as the song says, it would not be without leaving his two eldest daughters in Michigan... nor without giving his wife a taste for travel.

Title of the document : « J’aime mieux les États que l’Alberta » (paroles de chanson)
Date : unknown (probably during the 1910s, received in 1981)
Source : Société historique francophone de l’Alberta
To learn more about this topic:
Online
« L’exode des Canadiens français aux États-Unis entre 1840 et 1930 », Aujourd’hui l’histoire, Radio-Canada Ohdio.
Bordeleau, Martine. « Les Plamondon dans l’Ouest. Le nom de famille, tout un héritage! », WebOuest, 8 octobre 2022.
Poirier, Marc, « Plamondon, le tout petit village albertain qui voit grand », L-express, 3 mars 2024
Mellott, Denny. « Plamondon Branch », A link to the past.
Motut, Roger, et Kenneth Munro. « Canadiens français dans l’Ouest », The Canadian Encyclopedia.
Vermette, David. « Franco-Américains », The Canadian Encyclopedia.
Printed sources
Cadrin, Gilles, et Paul Dubé. « Traditions orales de Plamondon, un village franco-albertain », Francophonies d’Amérique, no 2 (1995), p. 93-106.
Frenette, Yves, Marcel Martel and John Willis (eds.). Envoyer et recevoir. Lettres et correspondances dans les diasporas francophones, (Québec: Presses de l’Université Laval, 2006).
Lalonde, A.-N. « L’intelligentsia du Québec et la migration des Canadiens français vers l’Ouest canadien, 1870-1930 », Revue d’histoire de l’Amérique française, volume 33, numéro 2, septembre 1979, p. 163-185.
Mimeault, Mario. L’exode québécois, 1852-1925. Correspondance d’une famille dispersée en Amérique, Québec, Septentrion, 2013.
Painchaud, Robert. Un rêve français dans le peuplement de la Prairie, Saint-Boniface (Man.), Éditions des Plaines, 1987.


